(:title Stem rule I:)
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Regular verbs can have [[SpellingAndPronunciation.09 | long]] or [[SpellingAndPronunciation.13 | short]] vowels. Recall, from the chapter about spelling and pronunciation (see [[SpellingAndPronunciation.19 | rules]] for keeping vowels long/short): 

%block class='rule'% 
long vowel infinitives require long vowel stems 

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Take, for example, ''maken'' (to make). 

Following the rule for deriving the crude stem from the infinitive (stem = infinitive minus -en ), we would get:

-> ''mak''

This is a short vowel (a single, closed vowel). 

To keep it long, we need to add an extra ''a''. The stem then becomes:

-> ''ma'''a'''k''.

Examples of similar verbs are:	
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(:table width="90%" align="center" cellspacing="0" class="gray":)
(:cellnr width="16%" class="b":)infinitive
(:cell width="16%" class="b":)english
(:cell width="16%" class="b":)crude stem
(:cell width="16%" class="b":)stem
(:cellnr class="gray":)nemen
(:cell class="gray":)to take 
(:cell class="gray":)nem
(:cell class="gray":)ne'''e'''m
(:cellnr class="gray":)lopen
(:cell class="gray":)to walk 
(:cell class="gray":)lop
(:cell class="gray":)lo'''o'''p
(:cellnr class="gray":)leren
(:cell class="gray":)to learn 
(:cell class="gray":)ler
(:cell class="gray":)le'''e'''r
(:cellnr class="gray":)koken
(:cell class="gray":)to cook 
(:cell class="gray":)kok
(:cell class="gray":)ko'''o'''k
(:cellnr class="gray":)breken 
(:cell class="gray":)to break 
(:cell class="gray":)brek
(:cell class="gray":)bre'''e'''k
(:cellnr class="gray":)vuren 
(:cell class="gray":)to shoot 
(:cell class="gray":)vur
(:cell class="gray":)vu'''u'''r	
(:cellnr class="gray":)horen
(:cell class="gray":)to hear
(:cell class="gray":)hor
(:cell class="gray":)ho'''o'''r
(:cellnr class="gray":)weten
(:cell class="gray":)to know 
(:cell class="gray":)wet
(:cell class="gray":)we'''e'''t	
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