The following words can mark the beginning of a short subclause:
| om, ten einde
| to, in order to
| door
| by
|
| na
| after
| alvorens
| before
|
| zonder
| without
| in plaats van
| instead of
|
Examples
Om
Normal subordinate clause with omdat:
| She did that because she wanted to help us.
|
Short subclause with om:
Door
Normal subordinate clause with doordat:
| Main clause
| conj?
| subject
| DIROB?
| VERBS?
|
| Hij zorgde voor een leuke sfeer
| doordat
| hij
| grappige anekdotes
| vertelde.
|
| He created a nice atmosphere because he was telling funny anecdotes.
|
Short subclause with door:
| Main clause
| conj
| DIROB?
| VERBS?
|
| Hij zorgde voor een leuke sfeer
| door
| leuke anekdotes
| te vertellen
|
| He created a nice atmosphere by telling funny anecdotes.
|
Alvorens
A sentence does not necessarily begin with the main clause.
In the example below, the sentence begins with the short subclause. The main clause follows after it. Note the inversion of subject and object in the main clause.
Normal subordinate clause with voordat:
| conj?
| subject
| PLACE?
| VERBS?
| main clause
|
| Voordat
| ze
| naar Ghana
| ging,
| had ze veel gelezen over de Ashanti.
|
| Before she went to Ghana, she had read a lot about the Ashanti.
|
Short subclause with alvorens:
| conj
| subject
| PLACE?
| VERBS?
| main clause
|
| Alvorens
| -
| naar Ghana
| te gaan
| had ze veel gelezen over de Ashanti.
|
| Before going to Ghana, she read a lot about the Ashanti.
|
Na
As you read on the previous page, a short subclause that begis with na is always set in the perfect tense.
Normal subordinate clause with nadat:
| conj?
| subject
| MANNER?
| PLACE?
| VERBS?
| main clause
|
| Nadat
| we
| met de honden
| in het bos
| hadden gewandeld
| dronken we in de herberg een kop koffie.
|
After we had walked in the woods with the dogs, we had a cup of coffee in the tavern.
|
Short subclause with na:
| conj
| subject
| MANNER?
| PLACE?
| VERBS?
| main clause
|
| Na
| -
| met de honden
| in het bos
| te hebben gewandeld
| dronken we in de herberg een kop koffie.
|
After having walked in the woods with the dogs, we had a cup of coffee in the tavern.
|
Zonder
Normal subordinate clause with zonder dat:
| Main clause
| conj?
| subject
| DIROB?
| VERBS?
| Main clause
|
| Hij gaf,
| zonder dat
| hij
| het
| wist
| het juiste antwoord
|
| He gave, without 'that he knew it', the right answer.
|
Short subclause with zonder:
| Main clause
| conj?
| subject
| DIROB?
| VERBS?
| Main clause
|
| Hij gaf,
| zonder
| -
| het
| te weten
| het juiste antwoord
|
| He gave, without knowing it, the right answer.
|
In plaats van
Normal subordinate clause with in plaats van dat:
| conj?
| subject
| DIROB?
| PLACE?
| VERBS?
| main clause
|
| In plaats van dat
| hij
| de toestand
| in het land
| verbeterde
| maakte hij alles alleen maar erger
|
'Instead that' he improved the situation in the country, he only made everything worse.
|
Short subclause with in plaats van:
| conj?
| -
| DIROB?
| PLACE?
| VERBS?
| main clause
|
| In plaats van
| -
| de toestand
| in het land
| te verbeteren,
| maakte hij alles alleen maar erger
|
Instead of improving the situation in the country, he only made everything worse.
|