(:title Subject pronouns:)
====
(:div class="noprint" style="font-size:0.85em":)
PICS:arrowlink.gif"internal link" [[FORUM:quiz.php?c=7 | Pronouns exercises]] PICS:link_icon.gif"link"[[AXS:ax.pl?http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPronoun.htm" | What is a pronoun? SIL International]]
(:divend:)
====
(:div class="translated":)
{$TransBy} ...
(:divend:)
====
Recall that the subject is the agent who acts in a phrase: ''I'' walk, ''he'' has seen, ''we'' go to school, etc.
====
		
(:table width='90%' border='0' cellspacing='5' cellpadding='5' align='center':)
(:cellnr valign='top' class='prhead' width='33%':)English
(:cell valign='top' class='prhead' width='33%':)Dutch - unstressed
(:cell valign='top' class='prhead':)Dutch - stressed
(:cellnr width='33%' valign='top' class='pren':)I
(:cell width='33%' valign='top' class='prdu':)ik
(:cell width='34%' valign='top' class='prex':)ik
(:cellnr valign='top' class='pren':)you
(:cell valign='top' class='prdu':)je
(:cell valign='top' class='prex':)jij
(:cellnr valign='top' class='pren':)you <span class="klein">[formal]</span>
(:cell valign='top' class='prdu':)u
(:cell valign='top' class='prex':)u
(:cellnr valign='top' class='pren':)he
(:cell valign='top' class='prdu':)hij
(:cell valign='top' class='prex':)hij
(:cellnr valign='top' class='pren':)she
(:cell valign='top' class='prdu':)ze
(:cell valign='top' class='prex':)zij
(:cellnr valign='top' class='pren':)it
(:cell valign='top' class='prdu':)het/hij
(:cell valign='top' class='prex':)<span class="klein">[[Pronouns.de01 | demonstrative]] </span> \\
dit, deze, dat, die
(:cellnr valign='top' class='pren':)we
(:cell valign='top' class='prdu':)we
(:cell valign='top' class='prex':)wij
(:cellnr valign='top' class='pren':)you
(:cell valign='top' class='prdu':)jullie
(:cell valign='top' class='prex':)jullie
(:cellnr valign='top' class='pren':)they <span class="klein">[persons]</span>
(:cell valign='top' class='prdu':)ze
(:cell valign='top' class='prex':)zij
(:cellnr valign='top' class='pren':)they <span class="klein">[inanimate]</span>
(:cell valign='top' class='prdu':)ze
(:cell valign='top' class='prex':)<span class="klein">[[Pronouns.de01 | demonstrative]]</span>\\
deze, die
(:tableend:)

====
On the next page, you can look at a view examples that illustrate the use of stressed and unstressed pronouns.

!!! Formal you: u

In Dutch, we have a formal and an informal form of 'you'. We use 'u' to address older people or adults that we do not know. We can also use 'u' in the second plural (instead of 'jullie') but this is very formal. 
====

(:table width="90%" align="center" cellspacing="0" class="gray":)
(:cellnr width="50%" class="gray":)Hoi Maaike, blijf '''je''' eten? 
(:cell class="i":)Hi Maaike, will you stay for dinner?
(:cellnr class="gray":)Pardon meneer, kunt '''u''' even opzij gaan? 
(:cell class="i":)Excuse me sir, could you step aside for a moment?
(:tableend:)

====
The pronoun ''u'' is usually written in lowercase. ''U'' in uppercase is very formal, some would say stiff, and not very common anymore.

!!! It: Het or hij?

We use 'het' for neuter nouns (het-nouns)  and 'hij' (he) for de-nouns. 'Hij' is masculine but we also use it for feminine nouns. 
====

(:table width='90%' align='center' cellspacing='0' class='gray':)
(:cellnr width='50%' class='gray':)['''Het''' boek]\\
'''Het''' staat op de bovenste plank.
(:cell class='i':)[The book]\\
It is on the top shelf.
(:cellnr class='gray':)['''De''' film]\\
'''Hij''' draait momenteel in de bioscoop.
(:cell class='i':)[The film]\\
It is currently shown in the cinema.
(:tableend:)

====
You may know [[NounsAndArticles.05 | de-nouns]] are either masculine or feminine. The Dutch do not really know the genders of their words (but the Flemish do!) so they decided to treat all de-nouns as masculine.

It does sound very sophisticated if you can distinguish between feminine and masculine nouns. You should only use 'ze' (or 'zij' if the pronoun is stressed) when you are really sure that the de-noun you refer to is feminine. When in doubt, 'hij' is always correct.        
     
!!! They: Ze, zij, or die?

We use unstressed 'ze' (they) for persons and for inanimate objects. 
       
However, when we stress the pronoun, we make a distinction: We refer to persons by 'zij' and to inanimate objects by 'die'. 
====

(:table width="90%" align="center" cellspacing="0" class="gray":)
(:cellnr width="20%" class="gray":)Unstressed
(:cell width="40%" class="gray":)['''De''' schoenen]\\
'''Ze''' staan je heel goed.
(:cell class="i":)[The shoes]\\
They look very good on you.
(:cellnr class="gray":)Stressed
(:cell class="gray":)['''De''' schoenen]\\
'''Die''' staan je heel goed (die andere schoenen niet).
(:cell class="i":)[The shoes]\\
They look very good on you (those other shoes don't).
(:cellnr class="gray":)Unstressed
(:cell class="gray":)['''De''' ouders]\\
'''Ze''' vinden het geen goed idee.
(:cell class="i":)[The parents]\\
They do not think it is a good idea.
(:cellnr class="gray":)Stressed
(:cell  class="gray":)['''De''' ouders]\\
'''Zij''' vinden het geen goed idee (maar ik wel). 
(:cell class="i":)[The parents]\\
They do not think it is a good idea (but I think it is).
(:tableend:)

====
[[NounsAndArticles.05 | De-nouns]] are either masculine or feminine. The Dutch do not really know the genders of their words (but the Flemish do!) so they decided to treat all de-nouns as masculine.

!!! Ge/gij

The Flemish often say ''ge'' (unstressed) or ''gij'' (stressed) instead of ''u''. In Holland, this form is no longer used.
====

(:div id="next":)
<input name="next page" type="button" class="nextButton" title="next page" onmouseover="className='nextButtonOn'" onmouseout="className='nextButton'" onclick="location='?n=Pronouns.ps03'" value="{$NextPage}  >" />
(:divend:)